Bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia： New insights and perspectives / 临床肝胆病杂志

‍Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a group of highly heterogeneous diseases closely associated with metabolic dysfunction. Sarcopenia is a syndrome caused by a continuous decline in muscle mass， strength， and function， and it is often accompanied by NAFLD. Insulin resistance is the main pathological mechanism for sarcopenia and NAFLD， and in addition， factors such as changes in proteins and branched‍-‍chain amino acid， hyperammonemia， intestinal flora， and endocrine dysfunction can also lead to sarcopenia and NAFLD. With the deepening of clinical research， many published prospective studies have confirmed the existence of a bidirectional and complex pathophysiological relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. This article reviews the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD， discusses the common pathogenesis of sarcopenia and NAFLD， summarizes the challenges faced in this field， and proposes new directions for the research on the bidirectional relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia.

Recompensation of liver cirrhosis： Current status and challenges / 临床肝胆病杂志

‍Traditionally， the progression from compensated liver cirrhosis to decompensated liver cirrhosis has been considered an irreversible point in the natural history of the disease； however， with the suppression of underlying etiology， cure， and disease regression， this view is challenged by an increasing number of new evidence， and the idea of “recompensation of liver cirrhosis” is gradually being accepted. In recent years， scholars in China and globally have been exploring the specific definition of recompensation of liver cirrhosis and the clinical features of patients. By summarizing the recent studies on recompensation of liver cirrhosis in China and globally， integrating existing views， and analyzing related research evidence， this article points out the main challenges in the field of recompensation at this stage， including the lack of in－depth clinical and basic research， the need to define recompensation in the context of NAFLD， and related ethical issues， in order to provide new directions for future research in this field.

Preliminary study of 131I adjuvant therapy in BRAF V600E mutant patients with non-distant metastatic papillary thyroid cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To evaluate 131I adjuvant therapy in B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutant patients with non-distant metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods:From January 2008 to January 2019, a total of 181 PTC patients (65 males, 116 females, age: (38.9±11.8) years) with non-distant metastases from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. All patients received only one time 131I therapy with complete clinicopathological information, data of follow-up (median time: 63 months) and assessment of response to therapy. Patients were divided into mutant and wild type group in terms of BRAF V600E status or ablation group (1.1 GBq) and adjuvant therapy group (3.7-5.5 GBq) in terms of different 131I dosage. Clinicopathological features and the response to therapy were compared between different groups by using independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test. Results:The levels of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) in the BRAF V600E mutant type group ( n=150) was significantly higher than that in the wild type group ( n=31; 6.32(0.90, 8.70) vs 3.92(0.40, 4.40) μg/L; z=-2.413, P=0.016), however, there were no significant differences in other clinicopathological characteristics (including age, sex, tumor size, multifocality, capsule invasion and N staging) between the two groups ( t=-0.663, z=-1.151, χ2 values: 0.003-1.491, all P>0.05) and the therapeutic response was also not different between the two groups( χ2=1.094, P=0.778). Of 81 patients who received 131I adjuvant therapy, the ps-Tg level of BRAF V600E mutant type group ( n=69) was higher than that of the wild type group( n=12; 8.70(1.30, 11.80) vs 3.40(0.30, 4.50) μg/L; z=-2.194, P=0.028), while the therapeutic response was not different between the two groups ( χ2=1.792, P=0.617). Compared with BRAF V600E mutant patients received 131I ablation ( n=81), BRAF V600E mutant patients received 131I adjuvant therapy ( n=69) had larger tumors (1.52(0.95, 2.00) vs 1.21(0.60, 1.50) cm; z=-2.728, P=0.006), more advanced N staging ( χ2=11.460, P=0.003) and higher ps-Tg level (8.70(1.30, 11.80) vs 4.34(0.50, 5.30) μg/L; z=-3.314, P=0.001), but the therapeutic response was not different between the two groups ( χ2=6.478, P=0.091). Conclusion:131I adjuvant therapy may improve the longer-term response to therapy in BRAF V600E mutant PTC patients with lager tumors, more advanced N staging and higher ps-Tg level.

Analysis of influencing factors of detecting radioactive iodine uptake by using thyroid function instrument / 中国医学装备

The radioactive iodine uptake(RAIU) has great value in determining the 131I treatment dosage of patients suffered from hyperthyroidism and judging thyroid function. Many factors which could interfere the results of RAIU were as follows: instrumental factors, thyroid radioactivity counts measurement, counts of a calibrated standard in a neck phantom and counts of room background, iodinated drugs and food, anti-thyroid medication, among other causes, have shown to induce varying degrees of errors in RAIU measurements. Irregular measurements which may interfere with radioactive iodine uptake are commonly seen in clinical practice, yet its actual influence has not been reported. Optimization, regularization and quality control of the radioiodine uptake measurement are essentials for clinical routine practice to guarantee appropriate values for clinical hyperthyroidism diagnosis and treatment. All the above factors affecting the measurement of thyroid function instrument for radioactive iodine uptake are analyzed and then put forward the corresponding solutions.

Association Study Between the rs4373814 Polymorphisms of Calcium Channel Gene and the Susceptibility of Essential Hypertension in Han Population at Northeastern Area of China / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between rs4373814 polymorphisms of calcium channel (CACNB2) gene and the susceptibility of essential hypertension (EH) occurrence in Han population at northeastern area of China. Methods: A case-control study in Han population at northeastern of China was carried out and the research included 1998 participants as 2 groups: EH group,n=1006 patients treated in our hospital, and Control group,n=992 subjects with normal blood pressure from physical examination. The rs4373814 polymorphisms were examined by Snapshot technique and the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The rs4373814 risk allele C frequency of CACNB2 gene was signiifcantly different between EH group and Control group,P=0.039, OR=1.068, 95% CI (1.004-1.137). Logistic regression analysis showed that with adjusted gender, age, BMI, smoking, drinking, in dominant model, the genotype rs4373814 carring CC + GC/GG obviously increased the risk of EH occurrence,P=0.037, OR=1.260, 95% CI (1.013-1.567). Conclusion: The rs4373814 polymorphisms of CACNB2 gene are related to the susceptibility of EH occurrence in Han population at northeastern area of China.

Association between polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene, its interaction with smoking and essential hypertension -a case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene, its interaction with smoking and susceptibility of essential hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted to elucidate the role of ATP2B1 gene variants related to the risk of essential hypertension. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN,Germany). Two SNPs, - rs17249754 and rs6253, were examined on 1 280 patients and 1 010 healthy controls, using a Snapshot method. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Windows software (version 19.0;SPSS, Chicago, IL).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significant difference was found in rs17249754 allele frequency between cases and controls (OR = 1.223, 95%CI: 1.083-1.381, P = 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking and drinking, the difference was still statistically significant (OR = 1.212, 95%CI:1.070-1.373, P = 0.003). In addition, data from genotype distribution analysis under different models showed that appeared significant associations between ATP2B1 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension (additive model OR = 1.469, 95%CI: 1.121-1.925, P = 0.005; dominant model OR = 1.324, 95%CI:1.029-1.704, P = 0.029;recessive model OR = 1.123, 95%CI:1.031-1.223, P = 0.008). In this study, the proportion of smokers in cases was significantly higher than that in controls (P = 0.005), but no associations between rs17249754-smoking interaction and essential hypertension were found after the adjustment for gender, age, BMI and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.024, 95% CI:0.614-1.707).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our research findings showed that the polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene rs17249754 was significantly associated with the incidence of essential hypertension in Han population of northeastern China. However, the interaction between rs17249754 and smoking did not seem to have contributed to the occurrence of the essential hypertension.</p>

Association between polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene,its interaction with smoking and essential hypertension--a case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene,its interaction with smoking and susceptibility of essential hypertension. Methods A case-control study was conducted to elucidate the role of ATP2B1 gene variants related to the risk of essential hypertension. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes,using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit(QIAGEN,Germany). Two SNPs,-rs17249754 and rs6253,were examined on 1 280 patients and 1 010 healthy controls,using a Snapshot method. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Windows software(version 19.0;SPSS,Chicago,IL). Results A significant difference was found in rs17249754 allele frequency between cases and controls(OR=1.223,95%CI:1.083-1.381,P=0.001). After adjustment for age,sex,BMI,smoking and drinking,the difference was still statistically significant(OR=1.212,95%CI:1.070-1.373,P=0.003). In addition,data from genotype distribution analysis under different models showed that appeared significant associations between ATP2B1 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension(additive model OR=1.469,95%CI:1.121-1.925,P=0.005;dominant model OR=1.324,95%CI:1.029-1.704,P=0.029;recessive model OR=1.123,95%CI:1.031-1.223,P=0.008). In this study,the proportion of smokers in cases was significantly higher than that in controls(P=0.005),but no associations between rs17249754-smoking interaction and essential hypertension were found after the adjustment for gender,age,BMI and alcohol consumption (OR=1.024,95%CI:0.614-1.707). Conclusion Our research findings showed that the polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene rs17249754 was significantly associated with the incidence of essential hypertension in Han population of northeastern China. However,the interaction between rs17249754 and smoking did not seem to have contributed to the occurrence of the essential hypertension.

Association between polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene,its interaction with smoking and essential hypertension--a case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene,its interaction with smoking and susceptibility of essential hypertension. Methods A case-control study was conducted to elucidate the role of ATP2B1 gene variants related to the risk of essential hypertension. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes,using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit(QIAGEN,Germany). Two SNPs,-rs17249754 and rs6253,were examined on 1 280 patients and 1 010 healthy controls,using a Snapshot method. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Windows software(version 19.0;SPSS,Chicago,IL). Results A significant difference was found in rs17249754 allele frequency between cases and controls(OR=1.223,95%CI:1.083-1.381,P=0.001). After adjustment for age,sex,BMI,smoking and drinking,the difference was still statistically significant(OR=1.212,95%CI:1.070-1.373,P=0.003). In addition,data from genotype distribution analysis under different models showed that appeared significant associations between ATP2B1 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension(additive model OR=1.469,95%CI:1.121-1.925,P=0.005;dominant model OR=1.324,95%CI:1.029-1.704,P=0.029;recessive model OR=1.123,95%CI:1.031-1.223,P=0.008). In this study,the proportion of smokers in cases was significantly higher than that in controls(P=0.005),but no associations between rs17249754-smoking interaction and essential hypertension were found after the adjustment for gender,age,BMI and alcohol consumption (OR=1.024,95%CI:0.614-1.707). Conclusion Our research findings showed that the polymorphism of ATP2B1 gene rs17249754 was significantly associated with the incidence of essential hypertension in Han population of northeastern China. However,the interaction between rs17249754 and smoking did not seem to have contributed to the occurrence of the essential hypertension.

The influence of position deviation on RAIU and the corresponding therapeutic dose calculations in patients with Graves hyperthyroidism / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence of inappropriate position deviation on radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU),effective half-life (Teff) and the corresponding dose variances in patients suffering from Graves hyperthyroidism.Methods RAIU was examined in 20 patients with Graves hyperthyroidism (7 males,13 females,average age (46.60 ±9.55) years) 2,4,6,and 24 h after intake of the radioiodine capsule.A scintillation probe was positioned at the center of the inferior edge of the thyroid cartilage 25 cm away for 2 min,which was defined as the standard manipulation (test 1).Then,the probe was moved either 5 cm backward (test 2) or 5 cm higher (test 3) compared with test 1.Variants of RAIU,Teff as well as dose calculations were acquired by different combinations (CⅠ-Ⅸ) of 4 h and 24 h-RAIU,according to the above 3 manipulations (C Ⅰ-Ⅲ:test 1 for RAIU4 h,test 1,2,3 for RAIU24 h respectively ; C Ⅳ-Ⅵ:test 2 for RAIU4h,test 1,2,3 for RAIU24h respectively; CⅦ-Ⅸ:test 3 for RAIU4h,test 1,2,3 for RAIU24h respectively).Paired t test was used to compare the statistical differences between C H-Ⅸ to C Ⅰ.Results RAIU24 h of test 2 (68.08％ ± 7.88％) and test 3 (62.18％ ± 7.45％) were significantly lower than that of test 1 (78.05％ ± 8.31％ ;t =12.15,14.37,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).Teffs of C Ⅱ (4.42 ± 0.73) d,CⅢ(3.76 ±0.53) d,CⅤ(5.59 ±0.46) d,CⅥ(4.47 ±0.44) d,CⅧ(5.94 ±0.54) d and CⅨ (5.45 ±0.66) d were significantly different from that of C Ⅰ (5.04 ±0.56) d which was defined as standard (t:3.86-13.64,all P ＜0.01).Among the 180 131I dose values calculated by different Teff and RAIU values induced from C Ⅰ-Ⅸ combinations,74.4％ (119/160) were over-calculated while 9.4％ (15/160) were under-calculated.Taking one patient as an example,the changes of RAIU24 h (decreased up to 26.0％) and the percentage of Teff deviation(66.9％,ranged from-47.5％ to 19.4％)led to an over-calculated 131 I dosage by as high as 129.8％ compared with CⅠ.Conclusions Incorrect positioning in RAIU detection could result in various false RAIU,Teff and 131I dose calculations.Such deviations could possibly exert an impact on the patients' therapeutic outcomes,thus influencing the efficacy of the iodine therapy.Optimization of RAIU positioning is essential for clinical practice to guarantee radioiodine dose management.

Induction of insulin resistance induced by PI-3K inhibitor in porcine granulosa cells / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the biological effects of insulin resistance(IR)on the porcine granulosa cells which iS induced by wortmannin,the PI-3K inhibitor and mediated by key molecules including GLUT4 and MAPK during insulin signaling.Methods The model of IR porcine granulosa cell was established in in vitro culture by treatment of wortmannin,and was assessed the amount of3H glucose uptake as well as medium glucose levels by glucose oxidase method.The protein and mRNA expression of GLUT4 and MAPK were evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR respectively.Resuits The glucose intake was decreased by 40% with treatment of wortmannin at 1.5 μmol/L(P＜0.05).GLUT4 and MAPK were localized mainly to cytoplasm of grantdose cells.When granulosa cells were insulin resistant,the expression of GLUT4 was down-regulated whereas MAPK was up-regulated as compared with the controls.Conclusions Wortmannin treatment can lcad to decreased expression of GLUT4 and increase of IR granulose cells.This metabolic phenotype could induce increased expression of MAPK and mitogenic potential,indicating the cross-talk between two pathways of insulin signaling within ovarian cells.